{"id":1380,"date":"2016-10-28T10:48:08","date_gmt":"2016-10-28T10:48:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/?p=1380"},"modified":"2016-10-28T11:07:42","modified_gmt":"2016-10-28T11:07:42","slug":"the-guardian-tunisian-coalition-party-fights-for-womens-rights-with-gender-violence-bill","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/?p=1380","title":{"rendered":"Tunisian coalition party fights for women&#8217;s rights with gender violence bill"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"content__headline js-score\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/guardian-women.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1383 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/guardian-women.jpg\" alt=\"guardian-women\" width=\"620\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/guardian-women.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/guardian-women-300x180.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><\/h1>\n<h1 class=\"content__headline js-score\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #bf0a92;\">Tunisian coalition party fights for women&#8217;s rights with gender violence bill<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span class=\"drop-cap\"><span class=\"drop-cap__inner\">A<\/span><\/span>fter 14 years of sexual harassment at work, Idihar Chaieb finally got her day in court. The widow had been repeatedly propositioned and groped<\/p>\n<p>by her boss, who was also a local official in her home town of Menzel Bouzelfa, an hour\u2019s drive from Tunis. When he finally got the message that Chaieb wasn\u2019t interested in his advances, he threatened to destroy her reputation.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI was afraid to speak out. I thought I would be blamed,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, supported by a former teacher, women\u2019s organisations, and her son \u2013 and buoyed by the <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-12482315\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">2011 revolution<\/a> in Tunisia \u2013 Chaieb gathered the courage to sue her tormentor. \u201cI didn\u2019t want compensation, I just wanted him to leave me alone,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>To her dismay, however, in March 2015 the judge ruled against her. Chaieb was fired from the company where she had worked for 25 years; her former boss demanded a letter of apology. She was left devastated and destitute.<\/p>\n<p>Chaieb\u2019s story is not untypical in Tunisia. Despite its reputation for being the most progressive country in the Arab world on women\u2019s rights, with <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"http:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/tunisian-parliament-passes-bill-set-bring-more-women-power-1706934906\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">almost one-third<\/a> of parliament consisting of female MPs and more than 700 civil society organisations working on gender issues, violence against women and sexual harassment are endemic.<\/p>\n<p>Almost half of women aged 18-64 \u2013 47.6% \u2013 had experienced some form of violence, according to a <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/fm\/shbpp\/ethics\/Documents\/violence-against-women-Tunisia-Majed-Zemni.pdf\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">2010 survey<\/a>. There is little evidence that the situation has improved since the <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2011\/jan\/14\/tunisian-president-flees-country-protests\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">uprising<\/a> that ended the dictatorship of Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali and led to a democratically elected government.<\/p>\n<p>However, this month Tunisia\u2019s parliament is debating a bill to strengthen legislation on violence against women. Championed by <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ennahdha.tn\/\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">Ennahdha<\/a>, a conservative reformist party with Islamic roots and a clutch of dynamic female MPs and officials, the bill is expected to be passed by the end of 2016.<\/p>\n<p>The proposed law, which would be incorporated into other legislation and government policies, would introduce sweeping definitions of gender-based violence, covering psychological and economic harm in both the public and domestic spheres. Marital rape would be outlawed and there would be an end to impunity for rapists if their victims are under 20 and they subsequently marry them. Penalties for sexual harassment at work would be increased and police officers and hospital staff trained in gender issues.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"element element-pullquote element--supporting\">\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"pullquote-paragraph\">Women want a chance to say what happened, how it destroyed their lives, how they were rejected by society<\/p>\n<footer><cite class=\"pullquote-cite\">Ibtihel Abdellatif, Truth and Dignity Commission<\/cite><\/footer>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/aside>\n<p>The scope of the bill may challenge western stereotypes of Islam, but <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2012\/mar\/23\/tunisia-women-revolution\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">Mehrezia Labidi<\/a>, an Ennahdha MP and chair of the parliamentary women\u2019s committee, said: \u201cWe see no contradiction between Islam and protecting women\u2019s rights. We have a progressive reading of Islam.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Sayida Ounissi, 29, another Ennahdha MP and secretary of state for entrepreneurship in the <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-africa-29828706\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">coalition government led by the secular Nidaa Tounes party<\/a>, said: \u201cIt\u2019s good to have conservatives like us saying violence against women is not acceptable. Some conservatives might argue that the state should not interfere in the private space [of the family], but when a person\u2019s physical integrity is harmed, the state needs to step in.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/tunisia\" data-link-name=\"auto-linked-tag\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\">Tunisia<\/a> may have a better record on women\u2019s rights than other countries in the region, \u201cbut we compare ourselves to international standards\u201d, she added.<\/p>\n<p>Tunisia is a country of contradictions when it comes to women\u2019s rights. Free abortion and contraception are available, and women have equal rights in marriage, divorce and property ownership. In 2010, one-third of judges and more than four in 10 lawyers were female; <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/campaigns\/2016\/01\/is-tunisia-the-beacon-of-womens-rights-it-claims-to-be\/\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">in 2013, 30% of Tunisia\u2019s engineers were women<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In 2014, three years after the revolution, equal opportunities were enshrined in a new constitution. Political parties were required by law to alternate men and women on electoral lists, ensuring substantial representation in parliament. In April 2014, Tunisia lifted its reservations to the <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/daw\/cedaw\/\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But in socially conservative towns and villages, men and women continue to follow traditional roles. The word of a woman usually carries less weight than that of a man when accusations of sexual or domestic violence are evaluated, according to <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/documents\/mde30\/2814\/2015\/en\/\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">an Amnesty report<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/lifeandstyle\/women\" data-link-name=\"auto-linked-tag\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\">Women<\/a> who have been raped or sexually assaulted are often seen as bringing \u201cdishonour\u201d to their families. Victims of domestic violence are frequently pressed to drop complaints for the sake of family unity and reputation.<\/p>\n<p>Though recognised as a specific crime since 1993, family violence is widely accepted as \u201cnormal\u201d. In 2012-13, two-thirds of the 5,575 complaints of marital violence lodged with the authorities were withdrawn or dismissed; only 10% resulted in convictions. The police may refuse to investigate complaints and allegations \u2013 and sometimes they are the perpetrators.<\/p>\n<p>Siham Beji knows this all too well. The 51-year-old grandmother was attacked by three police officers on the street early one morning in May 2012. They beat her, breaking her jaw, and took her identity papers, a watch and a bracelet. Then they kept her in a police cell for three days. After a court appearance, in which the officers claimed she had been drunk and attacked them, Beji was fined and spent a further three days in prison. No medical attention was offered.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1382\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1382\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/guardian-Sihem-Beji.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1382\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/guardian-Sihem-Beji-300x180.jpg\" alt=\"Siham Beji\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1382\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Siham Beji: \u2018I became another person after the attack\u2019. Photograph: Harriet Sherwood for the Guardian<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Eventually,<\/strong> with the help of the <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"http:\/\/femmesdemocrates.org.tn\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">Association of Democratic Women<\/a>, she brought a case against the men. A year after the attack, the officer who broke her jaw was sentenced to three months in jail; the other two got three days for their part. All three are still serving police officers.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI became another person after the attack,\u201d said Beji. \u201cI completely changed. I became aggressive, and I get upset and angry easily.\u201d She said her family blamed her for the episode. \u201cI\u2019ve tried to kill myself seven times.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Violence meted out to women by the police and security forces stretches back to the early days of the dictatorship. The <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"http:\/\/www.undp.org\/content\/undp\/en\/home\/presscenter\/articles\/2014\/06\/09\/tunisia-launches-truth-and-dignity-commission.html\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">Truth and Dignity Commission, established by the post-revolution government<\/a>, has received 15,000 complaints from women who were raped, tortured and degraded under the regimes of Ben Ali and his predecessor, Habib Bourguiba.<\/p>\n<p>According to Ibtihel Abdellatif, the body\u2019s commissioner for women, the number does not reflect the scale of violence against women. \u201cFor every man put in jail, be sure there were at least four women who were also victims \u2013 mothers, wives, sisters, daughters,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMen coming out of prison were seen as heroes, they were respected in their communities. But for women who were sexually abused, there was a terrible stigma. Many girls coming out of prison weren\u2019t accepted back into their families. There are women who have never told their husbands what happened.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMany who have come to us say they don\u2019t want reparation, they just want a chance to say what happened, how it destroyed their lives, how they were rejected by society. The impact on women was much greater than the impact on men.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The commission is attempting to deal with the past; the violence against women bill aims to give greater protection in the future. But the politicians promoting it hope for something more than legislative change.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe can\u2019t change people\u2019s lives simply by passing a law,\u201d said Labidi. \u201cWe change lives by education, raising awareness, changing the language around violence against women.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>According to Ounissi: \u201cPassing the law is the beginning of the process, not the end. You need the support of the education system; this starts at school. You need a training programme for the police. And you need to look at television shows that normalise violence. People are more influenced by what\u2019s on television than what\u2019s in a parliamentary bill.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1381\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1381\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/guardian-Idihar-Chaieb.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1381\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/guardian-Idihar-Chaieb-300x180.jpg\" alt=\"Idihar Chaieb: \u2018I hope justice will be done\u2019. Photograph: Harriet Sherwood for the Guardian\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1381\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Idihar Chaieb: \u2018I hope justice will be done\u2019. Photograph: Harriet Sherwood for the Guardian<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Ounissi,<\/strong> the daughter of an imam added: \u201cThe mosques also play a major social role. These people are public servants, they are paid by the state \u2013 so we need to get the ministry of religion involved. If we can monitor imams for signs of radicalisation, we can monitor them for what they say on domestic violence. I don\u2019t think it will be difficult.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Ennahdha party was historically labelled \u201cIslamist\u201d, but six months ago it ditched that description in favour of \u201cMuslim democrat\u201d. The move, which followed a three-year process, was overwhelmingly supported at Ennahdha\u2019s congress last spring. The movement draws comparisons with European Christian Democratic parties, saying its new label reflects a forward-looking democratic reformist party rooted in Islamic values.<\/p>\n<p>Ennahdha \u2013 now a partner in the coalition government \u2013 expects the violence against women bill to win strong parliamentary support, although some compromises may be required before a final vote.<\/p>\n<p>Amna Guellali, senior Tunisia researcher at <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">Human Rights Watch<\/a>, said the bill was a \u201ccomprehensive framework for fighting violence against women\u201d. All state institutions were mandated to incorporate it but \u201cits practical impact will depend on a willingness of the state to provide the means of implementation. In Tunisia we have a tradition of passing good laws, but the reality on the ground is more complicated,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>For Chaieb, any move that strengthens the rights of women is to be welcomed. Her story has taken a turn for the better since she lost her case against her predatory boss.<\/p>\n<p>Women\u2019s organisations helped her financially by investing in a small grocery shop she opened, and by finding her a lawyer prepared to act on a pro bono basis. In March, Chaieb returned to court, and this time her former boss was found guilty of sexual harassment and fined 25,000 dinars (\u00a39,000).<\/p>\n<p>A further appeal is yet to be heard, and Chaieb has not received any money. \u201cBut what happened to me has been recognised,\u201d she said. \u201cI hope justice has been and will be done.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Tunisian coalition party fights for women&#8217;s rights with gender violence bill After 14 years of sexual harassment at work, Idihar Chaieb finally got her day in court. The widow had been repeatedly propositioned and groped by her boss, who was also a local official in her home town of Menzel Bouzelfa, an hour\u2019s drive [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1384,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[160,7,21,14,176],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-democracy","category-rule-of-law","category-transitional-justice","category-women"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1380","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1380"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1380\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1386,"href":"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1380\/revisions\/1386"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1384"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1380"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1380"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jasminefoundation.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1380"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}